Advanced laboratory testing methods using real-time simulation and hardware-in-the-loop techniques : a survey of smart grid international research facility network activities

The integration of smart grid technologies in interconnected power system networks presents multiple challenges for the power industry and the scientific community. To address these challenges, researchers are creating new methods for the validation of: control, interoperability, reliability of Internet of Things systems, distributed energy resources, modern power equipment for applications covering power system stability, operation, control, and cybersecurity. Novel methods for laboratory testing of electrical power systems incorporate novel simulation techniques spanning real-time simulation, Power Hardware-in-the-Loop, Controller Hardware-in-the-Loop, Power System-in-the-Loop, and co-simulation technologies. These methods directly support the acceleration of electrical systems and power electronics component research by validating technological solutions in high-fidelity environments. In this paper, members of the Survey of Smart Grid International Research Facility Network task on Advanced Laboratory Testing Methods present a review of methods, test procedures, studies, and experiences employing advanced laboratory techniques for validation of range of research and development prototypes and novel power system solutions

Quantifying primaquine effectiveness and improving adherence: a round table discussion of the APMEN Vivax Working Group.

The goal to eliminate malaria from the Asia-Pacific by 2030 will require the safe and widespread delivery of effective radical cure of malaria. In October 2017, the Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network Vivax Working Group met to discuss the impediments to primaquine (PQ) radical cure, how these can be overcome and the methodological difficulties in assessing clinical effectiveness of radical cure. The salient discussions of this meeting which involved 110 representatives from 18 partner countries and 21 institutional partner organizations are reported. Context specific strategies to improve adherence are needed to increase understanding and awareness of PQ within affected communities; these must include education and health promotion programs. Lessons learned from other disease programs highlight that a package of approaches has the greatest potential to change patient and prescriber habits, however optimizing the components of this approach and quantifying their effectiveness is challenging. In a trial setting, the reactivity of participants results in patients altering their behaviour and creates inherent bias. Although bias can be reduced by integrating data collection into the routine health care and surveillance systems, this comes at a cost of decreasing the detection of clinical outcomes. Measuring adherence and the factors that relate to it, also requires an in-depth understanding of the context and the underlying sociocultural logic that supports it. Reaching the elimination goal will require innovative approaches to improve radical cure for vivax malaria, as well as the methods to evaluate its effectiveness

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic

Med treatment increases the expression of osteogenic markers at the site of new bone regeneration.

<p><b>(A)</b> mRNA transcript levels of Runx-2, OCN and TGF-β. Data represent three independent experiments and expressed as mean ± SEM with 95% confidence interval. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA method followed by the Newman–Keuls test of significance using Prism version 3.0 software. ***<i>P</i>< 0.001 compared with Ovx + vehicle group; **<i>P</i>< 0.01compared with Ovx + vehicle group. <b>(B)</b> Med treatment to Ovx rats promotes immunohistochemical localization of Runx-2 and OCN in the area surrounding the drill hole injury area compared to Sham and Ovx control groups.</p

Medicarpin heals cortical bone defects by activating Wnt canonical signaling pathway.

<p><b>(A)</b> qPCR analysis of Wnt signaling components like β-catenin, GSK-3β, Dvl, Fzd and Lrp5. <b>(B)</b> Western blot analysis and densitometric analyses of phospho and non-phospho β-catenin, GSK-3β and LEF-1. <b>(C)</b> Med treatment to Ovx rats promotes immunohistochemical localization of β-catenin in the area surrounding the drill hole injury area compared to Sham and Ovx control groups and was equivalent to PTH treatment group. Data represent three independent experiments and expressed as mean ± SEM with 95% confidence interval. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA method followed by the Newman–Keuls test of significance using Prism version 3.0 software. ***<i>P</i>< 0.001 compared with Ovx + vehicle group; **<i>P</i>< 0.01compared with Ovx + vehicle group; *<i>P</i>< 0.05compared with Ovx + vehicle group.</p

Hematoxylin and eosin staining of newly regenerated bone at the injury site and immunoflourescence analysis of the co localization of β-catenin and ALP in femoral bone sections at the injury site.

<p>Immunofluorescence staining of β-catenin (green) and ALP (red) was performed. Co localization of two molecules is demonstrated in merged yellow image. Cells were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Auto fluorescence images were taken in red and green channel for each panel for normalizing the background.</p